Water: The Universal Solvent

Water is said to be a universal solvent because of its ability to dissolve the greatest variety of substances.

In fact, it is partly due to this solvent quality that water is so important in our lives, since no matter what path it takes, it will carry nutrients, minerals or chemical substances. This means that no matter what it comes into contact with (minerals, organic matter, molecules in the air), the molecules will dissolve in the water.

Its solvent quality comes from the fact that its polarity is opposite at its ends. In other words, the arrangement of water molecules is such that they have positive charges on one side (H+) and negative charges on the other (O2-).

Les liaisons entre l’hydrogène (H+) et les deux atomes d’oxygène (O2-) sont souvent beaucoup plus fort que les liaisons permettant la formation de certaines substances. On peut penser au sel qui est formé de NaCl. Lorsque celui-ci est ajouté à l’eau, l’attirance des molécules du sel envers celles de l’eau est si forte que les liaisons entre Na+ et le Cl- se brisent. Autrement dit, le Na+ va se loger auprès de l’oxygène. Alors que le Cl- se retrouvent aux côtés de l’hydrogène. C’est d’ailleurs la raison pourquoi le sel se dissout dans l’eau.

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Viscosity and Water
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